Jar



Sept. 12, 1939. OSMUN 2,172,480

JAR

Filed Jan. 21, 1938 Patented Sept. 12, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE7 Claims.

This invention relatesto a jar of the straight pull type.

The invention has particular relation to a well tool for effecting ajarring action in the well incidental to the removal of a stuck object,such as a stuck pipe in a well.

An object of the invention is to provide a tool of this characteradapted to be operated by the elasticity of the operating string whensubjected to a tensile strain, and which may be readily reset forsuccessive operations without withdrawal from the well.

A further object of the invention resides in the provision of a jarringtool of the character described wherein there are only two relativelymovable parts to come into contact to cause the jarring action withmeans for locking said parts in set position, said locking means formingalso 7 a timing device and being releasable under the influence of thetensile strain on the operating string and including a release membercontrolled by a confined body of liquid and which governs the release ofthe locking means.

A still further feature resides in the provision of a well tool of thecharacter described which may be set for operation, and operated, andthe intensity of the blow controlled without the necessity of makingadjustments of the tool or the placing of the operating string undertorsional strain.

With the above and other objects in view the invention has particularrelation to certain novel features of construction, operation andarrangement of parts, an example of which is given in this specificationand illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein:-

Figure 1 shows a side elevation of the tool, in set position, shownpartly in section and partly broken away.

Figure 2 shows a fragmentary, side elevation thereof showing the partsin released, or active position, and shown partly in section.

Figure 3 shows a crosssectional view taken on the line 33 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view taken on the line 44 of Figure 1,and

Figure 5 shows a fragmentary, side elevation showing the fishing tool inengagement with the pipe to be pulled.

Referring now more particularly to the drawing, wherein like numerals ofreference designate the same parts in each of the figures, the numeral ldesignates an outer housing or shell threaded into the upper end ofwhich there is a tubular 5 gland 2 whose lower end presents an annularimpact face 3. Extended through the gland 2 there is a tubular mandrel4. The upper end of this mandrel is connected to an operating string 5by means of a suitable coupling 6. The lower end of this coupling abutsthe upper end of the 5 land 2 when the tool is set, as hereinafterreferred to, so as to limit the downward movement of the mandrel in theshell.

On the inside of the shell there are a plurality of vertical ribs 1,four of said ribs being shown 1 spaced apart around the shell as moreclearly shown in Figure 3. The upper ends of these ribs '1 terminate therequired distance beneath the impact face 3 and their lower ends arebeveled on each side to provide the downwardly converging 15 faces 1a,lb on the lower end of each rib 1.

At the lower end of the mandrel 4 there are the vertical ribs 8 whichextend out radially from the mandrel and which work between the ribs 7of the shell as illustrated in Figure 4. The overall 20 circumferentialwidth of each rib 8 is substantially the same as the corresponding widthof the space between the corresponding ribs I. The upper end of each rib8 presents an upwardly facing flat face 9 adapted to strike against the25 impact face 3 of the gland 2. Each rib 8 is formed with a taperingface I0 which conforms, in pitch, to the pitch of the corresponding facelb against which it is adapted to closely fit when the tool is set foractuation. At the lower end of 30 each rib 8 and on the side oppositethe face I!) said rib is formed with a tapering face II which divergesdownwardly with respect to the opposing face 1a. as more clearlyillustrated in Figure 1.

Beneath the lower ends of the ribs 1 and located within the shell ithere is a tubular plunger 12 whose upper end has the upwardly extendedwedge-shaped locking lugs i3. These lugs have the upwardly convergingfaces [3a and I319, respectively, adapted to Wedge between the oppos- 40ing faces la. and l l of the respective ribs 1 and 8, when the tool isin set position as more accurately illustrated in Figure 1 so as to lockthe relatively movable parts in set position until released under theinfluence of the tensile strain on the operating string as hereinafterexplained. The plunger I2 is seated on a relatively strong coil spring Mwhich in turn rests on the external shoulder l5 of the inside tubularcoupling member 1.6: This coupling member is screwed into the lower end50 of the shell I, as shown in Figure 1 and its upper end is reduced,forming the external shoulder I5, and extended up into the tubularplunger l2. This plunger has the outside and inside, relatively wide,annular channels l1, l8 which are connected by the ports Ill. The insidechannel I8 is connected into the space 20 beneath the plunger by meansof the duct 2| and is also connected into said space 20 by a larger duct22 which is controlled by the downwardly opening back pressure valve 23.The channels l1, l8 and the space 20 are filled with a liquid, such as alubricating oil. An annular packing 24 surrounds and is countersunk intothe plunger 12 above the channel l1 and an annular packing 25 surroundsand is countersunk into the extended upper end of the inside coupling l6above the channel [8 thus forming leak-proof joints between said plungerand the outside shell and inside coupling IT. The coupling I1 isconnected to any conventional type of grappling tool 26 which in turnmay be connected to the pipe 21 stuck in well and which it is desired tojar loose.

A suitable wash pipe is fitted downwardly through the mandrel and itslower end is screwed into the upper end of the coupling l6 wherebywashing fluid may be forced downwardly through the tool to clean out thebore or to wash out obstructing material from the upper end of the stuckpipe. A suitable annular packing 29 surrounds the wash pipe and iscountersunk into the upper end of the mandrel and is maintained suitablycompressed by the gland 30 which is screwed into the upper end of themandrel and which abuts the upper end of said packing.

Normally the plunger [2 is in its upper position, being held in saidposition by the spring l4. As said plunger is moved upwardly by thespring the liquid in the channels ll, l8 will quickly drain through theduct 22 back into the space 20 beneath. In order to set the tool themandrel 4 may be moved downwardly relative to the shell I, the ribs 8passing between the ribs 1 and when the lower ends of the ribs 8 contactthe lugs I3 the plunger will be forced slightly downwardly, and thefaces ll! of the ribs 8 will move into contact with the faces 1b of theribs 1 and the spring M will force the plunger upwardly so as to wedgethe lugs l3 closely between the downwardly flared faces la and l I. Whenthe plunger I2 is in this last named position a major portion, or all ofthe liquid in the channels [1, 18, will have drained into the space 20beneath said plunger. The tool is then set. With the grappling tool 26in engagement with the pipe 21 to be pulled, an upward pull may beexerted through the operating string 5 by the conventional appliances atthe ground surface for that purpose. This tensile strain on theoperating string will tend to release the faces ID from the correspondinfaces 1b, butdn order tg pgrmit sucnrelease the nneimmgsttfimnen lath it to i i l as s wearignliazsnrlin tial tur ninLmpvement the faces ll willnride against the fi@ng,facesnljbmthus gradually forcing tlg plungerIZ Q nWardI y As the plunger l2 mfiiivfivgardlylm liquid in the chamber@Madually leakjhrbifihthe duct 2| up into the cl'iannels l g j Ltmperitsuch downwardmovenfiit and whenihenfaces Ill clear the faces lb theelasticity of the operating string under tension will cause a suddenupward movement of the mandrel causing the upper ends of the ribs 8 tostrike suddenly, and with a powerful blow, against the impact face 3thus imparting a jar, in an upward direction to the stuck pipe 21. Ifthe stuck pipe is not thus released the operation may be repeated bymoving the mandrel 4 downwardly, as before, to again set the tool andthen again subjecting the operating string to a tensile strain.

From the foregoing it is obvious that the means, including the plungerl2 for locking the parts in set position, form, in effect, a timingdevice. When the tool is set for operation and engaged with the stuckobject in the well and the operating string is placed under tension, theplunger will be forced downwardly in the manner hereinabove explained,the liquid in the chamber 20 beneath the plunger, gradually leakingthrough the duct 2| and passing into the channels I8, I! until the facesl0 clear the faces 1b whereupon a jar will be imparted'as aboveexplained. The intensity of the jar will be controlled solely by theamount of tension under which the operating string is placed without thenecessity of making adjustments of the tool or placing the operatingstring under torsional strain for the purpose of controlling theintensity of the desired stroke.

The ribs 1 and 8 form, in effect, a clutch whereby the relativelymovable sections of the tool may be rotated as a unit.

The drawings and description disclose what i now considered to be apreferred form of the invention by way of illustration only, while thebroad principle of the invention will be defined by the appended claims.

What I claim 'is:

1. A jarring tool comprising two relatively movable parts, mechanicalmeans for connecting one n1 said parts to ,a stuck object in a well,means for releasably locking said partsagainst /relativelongitudinalmovement, said 7, locking means having slopingcontactingnfaces effective to cause release of said lockingmeans underthe influence of tension on. the parts,.hydraulically controlled meanswithin the tool, resisting the release of the locking means for aninterval of time and means for arresting such relative longitudinalmovement to effect a jarring action of the tool on the stuck object.

2. A jarring tool comprising two relatively movable parts, means forconnecting one of said parts to a stuck object in a well, a cylinder inone of said parts, a piston in the cylinder, liquid in the cylinder toresist movement of the piston, said parts and said piston havingmechanical interlocking means for releasably locking said parts againstlongitudinal movement, said locking means being releasable under theinfluence of tension on the parts applied for a predetermined time toallow such longitudinal movement and means for arresting such relativelongitudinal movement to effect a jarring action on the tool and on thestuck object.

3. A jarring tool comprising two relatively mov- V able parts, means forconnecting one of said parts to a stuck object in a well, one of saidparts having a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, liquid in thecylinder resisting movement of the piston in one direction, said pistonhaving a restricted passageway to relieve said liquid to permit suchmovement of the piston, said piston having a valve controlled passagewayto permit the rreenibveinentbf the pisterfihth'lfiiier direction, ayieldable member for causing the movement of said piston in said otherdirection, interlocking means on said parts and on the piston forreleasably locking said parts against relative longitudinal movement,said locking means being releasable under the influence of tension onthe tool to permit such relative longitudinal movement and means forsuddenly arresting such movement to effect a jarring action of the tooland of the stuck object.

4. A-jarring tool comprising two relatively movable sections, means forconnecting one of said sections to a stuck object in a well, one of saidsections having a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, liquid in thecylinder resisting movement of the piston in one direction, said pistonhaving a restricted passageway to permit such movement of the piston,said piston havinga valve controlled passageway of greater capacity'thansaid restricted passageway to permit relative free movement of thepiston in the other direction, interlocking means on said sections andon the piston for releasably locking said sections against relativelongitudinal movement, a yieldable member for causing the movement ofsaid piston in said other direction to move said means on the pistoninto such interlocking relation, said looking means being releasableunder the influence of tension on the tool to permit such relativelongitudinal movement of said sections and means on the sections forsuddenly arresting such longitudinal movement to effect a jarring actionof the tool and of the stuck object.

5. A jarring tool comprising two relatively movable parts, means forconnecting one of said parts to a stuck object in a well, one of saidparts having a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, liquid in thecylinder resisting the movement of the piston in one direction,interlocking means on said parts and on the piston for releasablylocking said parts against relative longitudinal movement,

said locking means being releasable under the influence of tension onthe tool to permit such relative longitudinal movement and means forsuddenly arresting such movement to effect a jarring action of the tooland of the stuck object.

6. A jarring tool comprising two relatively movable parts, one of saidparts having a cylinder, a pistonin the cylinder, a fluid in thecylinder resisting movement of the piston in one direction, a member forcausing the movement of the piston in the other direction, interlockingmeans on said parts and on the piston for releasably locking said partsagainst relative longitudinal movement, said locking means beingreleasable under the influence of tension onthe tool to permit suchlongitudinal movement and means for suddenly arresting such movement toeffect a jarring action of the tool.

'7. A jarring tool comprising two relatively movable parts, means forconnecting one of said parts to a stuck object in a well, one of saidparts having a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, liquid in thecylinder resisting the movement of the piston in one direction,interlocking means on said parts and on the piston for releasablylocking said parts against relative, longitudinal movement, said lockingmeans being releasable upon appropriate relative movement between saidparts to permit an acceleration of such movement upon such release andmeans for suddenly arresting such movement to efiect a jarring action ofthe tool and of the stuck object.

FRED N. OSMUN.

